Universal HealthcareBy NextBestFit

Solves only part of the problem

The path helps some people or places but not others, or offers partial relief. This matters most when it is treated as a complete fix, and less when it is one part of a broader response.

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Caused or worsened by these paths

A cost these paths share. Each path's page says how it applies there.

Lower the Medicare age step by step (and enroll children at birth)Tens of millions of people have no coverageRejected

Expanding current Medicare carries forward the lack of a cost cap and dental coverage unless those gaps are fixed.

Automatic enrollment with free default coverageTens of millions of people have no coverageChosen

Free-premium default plans may still have high cost sharing. Automatic enrollment preserves the existing system's costs, complexity, networks, and denials.

Individual mandate with larger subsidiesTens of millions of people have no coverageRejected

Retaining private insurance preserves current administrative costs.

Buy and cancel existing medical debtMedical debt affects about 100 million peopleChosen

Forgiveness offers relief only once, and debt returns unless its causes change. It reaches debt sold to buyers rather than debt still held by hospitals.

Enforce price transparency rulesPatients can't know prices in advanceChosen

Evidence that patients shop by price is weak, and disclosure alone does not reduce prices.

Regulate denials: reporting, penalties, and fast independent appealsClaim denialsChosen

Most patients never appeal, so overturned-denial penalties catch only a fraction of cases.

Gold-carding and automatic approvalsPrior authorization delays and blocks careChosen

Few physicians qualified for the Texas exemptions during the early implementation period.

Restore competition and leave prices to marketsU.S. prices are far higher than in other countriesRejected

Rural areas may support only a single hospital, limiting the reach of competition measures.

Remove the profit opportunity through rate settingPrivate equity roll-ups in medicineChosen

Private equity can still enter areas with remaining margins, including hospice and dermatology.

Tie nonprofit tax exemption to community benefitExecutive pay and nonprofit statusChosen

Tying executive pay rules to community benefit does not directly cap executive pay.

Public manufacturing of off-patent drugsBrand-name drug prices far above production costChosen

Public or nonprofit manufacturing covers only off-patent drugs.

Mail-order and telepharmacyPharmacy closures and pharmacy desertsChosen

Mail delivery and remote pharmacist supervision are poorly suited to urgent medications or patients needing counseling.

Loan forgiveness and service obligationsHealth professional shortage areasChosen

Training in exchange for service does not ensure lasting staffing because many clinicians leave when their service ends.

Higher pay in shortage areasHealth professional shortage areasChosen

Fee bonuses alone often do not move clinicians because schools and spouses' jobs also matter.

Permanent telehealth coverageHealth professional shortage areasChosen

Telehealth cannot substitute for hands-on care. Telehealth expansion is limited by the lack of broadband in many rural areas.

Team-based care with physician oversightScope-of-practice limits waste capacityRejected

Expanded team roles still depend on physician supervision, which can be a bottleneck in rural areas.

12-month postpartum coverage and home visitsHigh maternal mortality and postpartum coverage gapsChosen

Postpartum coverage alone does not fix shortages of postpartum care.

Rely on universal coverage and uniform ratesRacial, income, and geographic disparitiesChosen

Universal coverage and uniform rates do not address nonfinancial barriers such as distance, language, and trust.

Feedback and clinician nudgesLow-value care and overtreatmentChosen

Feedback on low-value care rates and electronic record alerts have only small effects.

Catastrophic coverage after a waiting periodLong-term care requires spending down to povertyRejected

Coverage after a waiting period relies on private insurance or savings for initial care, but the private long-term care insurance market is weak.

Keep social programs separateHousing, food, and transportation drive health, but health care isn't designed for themRejected

Funding housing and food outside health care leaves the health system unable to act directly when a patient’s housing is making them sick.

Allow supplemental only (non-covered items)Two-tier care: a private fast lane for those who can payChosen

Private insurance limited to uncovered extras offers little relief from waits for core care.

Recycle part of drug savings into researchSlower access to new drugs and technologyChosen

Allocating part of negotiation savings to public research leaves smaller savings.

Let people choose among public care organizationsLosing the choice of health plan and insurer competitionChosen

Choice among competing integrated care organizations is limited in rural areas.

Monitor supply and adjust prices quicklyPrice limits can cause shortages, launch delays, or exitsChosen

Raising prices when tracked supply falls is reactive rather than preventing the initial decline.