Directs benefits or burdens imperfectly
Eligibility rules and allocation measures may miss intended recipients or favor people who need less help. The cost is greater when these mismatches persist and smaller when rules can be corrected.
Under your mix of paths
Caused or worsened by these paths
A cost these paths share. Each path's page says how it applies there.
Mandate penalties fall on lower-income people.
Continuous eligibility can keep people covered after they become ineligible.
Bonuses for shortage-area practice can go to providers already working there.
Publicly funded tuition also benefits graduates who would earn high incomes anyway.
Smaller rural hospitals may lack the resources needed to adopt maternal safety protocols and death reviews.
Deprivation-based payments rely on imperfect indices to allocate funding.
Minimum security requirements are hardest for small providers to meet.